Security Measures
Overview
Security is the cornerstone of AssetSwap's architecture. We implement defense-in-depth strategies combining military-grade encryption, zero-knowledge proofs, hardware security modules, and continuous security monitoring. Our multi-layered approach ensures that user funds and data remain protected against both current and emerging threats.
Cryptographic Architecture
Encryption Standards
AssetSwap employs industry-leading encryption standards:
const ENCRYPTION_STANDARDS = {
asymmetric: {
algorithm: 'RSA-4096',
keySize: 4096,
padding: 'OAEP-SHA256',
usage: 'Key exchange, digital signatures'
},
symmetric: {
algorithm: 'AES-256-GCM',
keySize: 256,
mode: 'GCM',
usage: 'Data encryption at rest and in transit'
},
hashing: {
algorithm: 'SHA-3-512',
outputSize: 512,
usage: 'Password hashing, checksums'
},
keyDerivation: {
algorithm: 'Argon2id',
memoryCost: 65536,
timeCost: 3,
parallelism: 4,
usage: 'Password-based key derivation'
}
};Key Management System
Hierarchical Key Architecture
class KeyManagementSystem:
def __init__(self):
self.master_key = self.generate_master_key()
self.key_hierarchy = {
'master': self.master_key,
'user_keys': {},
'session_keys': {},
'ephemeral_keys': {}
}
def generate_user_keys(self, user_id):
# Derive user-specific keys from master
user_master = self.derive_key(
self.master_key,
f"user:{user_id}:master"
)
return {
'encryption_key': self.derive_key(user_master, 'encryption'),
'signing_key': self.derive_key(user_master, 'signing'),
'wallet_key': self.derive_key(user_master, 'wallet')
}
def rotate_keys(self):
"""Automatic key rotation every 30 days"""
new_master = self.generate_master_key()
# Re-encrypt all user keys with new master
for user_id, keys in self.key_hierarchy['user_keys'].items():
old_data = self.decrypt_with_old_master(keys)
new_keys = self.encrypt_with_new_master(old_data, new_master)
self.key_hierarchy['user_keys'][user_id] = new_keys
# Update master key
self.master_key = new_master
# Secure deletion of old key
self.secure_delete(self.key_hierarchy['master'])Hardware Security Module Integration
class HSMIntegration {
constructor() {
this.hsm = new GoogleCloudHSM({
projectId: process.env.GCP_PROJECT_ID,
locationId: 'global',
keyRingId: 'assetswap-keys'
});
}
async encryptPrivateKey(privateKey, userId) {
// Generate data encryption key in HSM
const dekResponse = await this.hsm.generateDataEncryptionKey({
parent: `projects/${this.projectId}/locations/global/keyRings/assetswap-keys`,
cryptoKey: `user-key-${userId}`
});
// Encrypt private key with DEK
const encrypted = await this.encryptWithDEK(
privateKey,
dekResponse.plaintext
);
// Store encrypted DEK and encrypted private key
return {
encryptedKey: encrypted,
encryptedDEK: dekResponse.ciphertext,
keyVersion: dekResponse.cryptoKeyVersion,
algorithm: 'AES-256-GCM'
};
}
async decryptPrivateKey(encryptedData, userId) {
// Decrypt DEK using HSM
const dekPlaintext = await this.hsm.decryptDataEncryptionKey({
cryptoKey: `user-key-${userId}`,
ciphertext: encryptedData.encryptedDEK
});
// Decrypt private key with DEK
const privateKey = await this.decryptWithDEK(
encryptedData.encryptedKey,
dekPlaintext
);
// Secure cleanup
this.secureDelete(dekPlaintext);
return privateKey;
}
}Wallet Security
Non-Custodial Architecture
Users maintain complete control over their assets:
class NonCustodialWallet {
constructor(user) {
this.user = user;
this.encryptionService = new EncryptionService();
}
async generateWallet() {
// Generate new keypair
const keypair = Keypair.generate();
// Encrypt private key before storage
const encryptedPrivateKey = await this.encryptionService.encrypt(
keypair.secretKey,
this.user.id
);
// Store only encrypted version
await this.storage.save({
userId: this.user.id,
publicKey: keypair.publicKey.toString(),
encryptedPrivateKey: encryptedPrivateKey,
createdAt: new Date()
});
// Never store plain private key
this.secureDelete(keypair.secretKey);
return {
publicKey: keypair.publicKey.toString(),
// Private key only exists in memory during transaction signing
};
}
async signTransaction(transaction) {
// Temporarily decrypt private key in secure enclave
const privateKey = await this.encryptionService.decryptInMemory(
this.user.encryptedPrivateKey,
this.user.id
);
// Sign transaction
const signedTx = transaction.sign([privateKey]);
// Immediately clear private key from memory
this.secureDelete(privateKey);
return signedTx;
}
}Multi-Signature Support
class MultiSigWallet:
def __init__(self, signers, threshold):
self.signers = signers # List of public keys
self.threshold = threshold # Required signatures
self.pending_transactions = {}
def create_transaction(self, transaction, initiator):
tx_id = self.generate_tx_id()
self.pending_transactions[tx_id] = {
'transaction': transaction,
'initiator': initiator,
'signatures': [initiator],
'created_at': time.time(),
'expires_at': time.time() + 86400 # 24 hour expiry
}
# Notify other signers
self.notify_signers(tx_id, transaction)
return tx_id
def sign_transaction(self, tx_id, signer):
if signer not in self.signers:
raise PermissionError("Not authorized signer")
tx = self.pending_transactions[tx_id]
if signer not in tx['signatures']:
tx['signatures'].append(signer)
# Check if threshold reached
if len(tx['signatures']) >= self.threshold:
return self.execute_transaction(tx_id)
return {
'status': 'pending',
'signatures': len(tx['signatures']),
'required': self.threshold
}
def execute_transaction(self, tx_id):
tx = self.pending_transactions[tx_id]
# Verify all signatures
for signer in tx['signatures']:
if not self.verify_signature(tx['transaction'], signer):
raise SecurityError("Invalid signature")
# Execute transaction
result = self.blockchain.send_transaction(tx['transaction'])
# Clean up
del self.pending_transactions[tx_id]
return resultSmart Contract Security
Formal Verification
All smart contracts undergo rigorous formal verification:
// Solana Program with Security Checks
use solana_program::{
account_info::{next_account_info, AccountInfo},
entrypoint::ProgramResult,
program_error::ProgramError,
pubkey::Pubkey,
};
pub fn process_swap(
program_id: &Pubkey,
accounts: &[AccountInfo],
amount: u64,
) -> ProgramResult {
let accounts_iter = &mut accounts.iter();
// Account validation
let user_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
let token_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
let pool_account = next_account_info(accounts_iter)?;
// Security check 1: Verify account ownership
if !user_account.is_signer {
return Err(ProgramError::MissingRequiredSignature);
}
// Security check 2: Verify program ownership
if token_account.owner != program_id {
return Err(ProgramError::IncorrectProgramId);
}
// Security check 3: Prevent reentrancy
if pool_account.data.borrow()[0] == 1 {
return Err(ProgramError::AccountAlreadyInitialized);
}
// Security check 4: Integer overflow protection
let new_balance = user_balance
.checked_add(amount)
.ok_or(ProgramError::ArithmeticOverflow)?;
// Security check 5: Slippage protection
if price_impact > MAX_SLIPPAGE {
return Err(CustomError::ExcessiveSlippage);
}
// Execute swap with all checks passed
execute_swap_internal(user_account, token_account, pool_account, amount)
}Audit Trail
Comprehensive audit logging:
class AuditLogger {
async logTransaction(transaction) {
const auditEntry = {
id: generateAuditId(),
timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
transactionHash: transaction.hash,
user: transaction.user,
action: transaction.type,
amount: transaction.amount,
tokens: {
input: transaction.inputToken,
output: transaction.outputToken
},
metadata: {
ip: transaction.metadata.ip,
userAgent: transaction.metadata.userAgent,
sessionId: transaction.metadata.sessionId
},
signature: this.signAuditEntry(transaction)
};
// Store in immutable audit log
await this.immutableStorage.append(auditEntry);
// Real-time monitoring alert
if (this.isAnomalous(transaction)) {
await this.alertSecurityTeam(auditEntry);
}
return auditEntry;
}
isAnomalous(transaction) {
// Machine learning anomaly detection
const anomalyScore = this.mlModel.predict({
amount: transaction.amount,
frequency: this.getUserTransactionFrequency(transaction.user),
pattern: this.getTransactionPattern(transaction),
riskScore: this.calculateRiskScore(transaction)
});
return anomalyScore > ANOMALY_THRESHOLD;
}
}Network Security
DDoS Protection
Multi-layer DDoS mitigation:
class DDoSProtection:
def __init__(self):
self.rate_limiter = RateLimiter()
self.traffic_analyzer = TrafficAnalyzer()
self.blacklist = IPBlacklist()
async def process_request(self, request):
# Layer 1: IP-based rate limiting
if not self.rate_limiter.allow(request.ip):
return self.reject_request(request, "Rate limit exceeded")
# Layer 2: Pattern-based detection
if self.traffic_analyzer.is_attack_pattern(request):
self.blacklist.add(request.ip, duration=3600)
return self.reject_request(request, "Suspicious pattern detected")
# Layer 3: Challenge-response for suspicious requests
if self.is_suspicious(request):
return await self.challenge_response(request)
# Layer 4: Geographic filtering
if self.is_restricted_geography(request.ip):
return self.reject_request(request, "Geographic restriction")
# Request passes all checks
return await self.forward_request(request)
def challenge_response(self, request):
# Implement proof-of-work challenge
challenge = self.generate_challenge()
return {
'status': 'challenge',
'challenge': challenge,
'difficulty': self.calculate_difficulty(request)
}API Security
class APISecurityLayer {
constructor() {
this.jwtService = new JWTService();
this.apiKeyManager = new APIKeyManager();
this.requestValidator = new RequestValidator();
}
async authenticate(request) {
// Extract authentication token
const token = this.extractToken(request);
if (!token) {
throw new AuthenticationError('No authentication token provided');
}
// Validate JWT token
const payload = await this.jwtService.verify(token);
// Check token revocation
if (await this.isTokenRevoked(token)) {
throw new AuthenticationError('Token has been revoked');
}
// Validate API key for additional security
if (request.headers['x-api-key']) {
await this.apiKeyManager.validate(
request.headers['x-api-key'],
payload.userId
);
}
// Request signature verification
if (!this.verifyRequestSignature(request, payload)) {
throw new SecurityError('Invalid request signature');
}
return payload;
}
verifyRequestSignature(request, user) {
const signature = request.headers['x-signature'];
const timestamp = request.headers['x-timestamp'];
// Prevent replay attacks
if (Date.now() - timestamp > 30000) { // 30 second window
return false;
}
// Verify HMAC signature
const expectedSignature = this.calculateHMAC(
request.body,
user.apiSecret,
timestamp
);
return crypto.timingSafeEqual(
Buffer.from(signature),
Buffer.from(expectedSignature)
);
}
}Data Security
Encryption at Rest
class DataEncryption {
async encryptSensitiveData(data, classification) {
const encryptionLevel = this.getEncryptionLevel(classification);
switch (encryptionLevel) {
case 'CRITICAL':
// Hardware security module encryption
return await this.hsmEncrypt(data);
case 'HIGH':
// AES-256-GCM with key rotation
return await this.aes256Encrypt(data, {
rotateKey: true,
additionalData: this.getAAD()
});
case 'MEDIUM':
// Standard AES encryption
return await this.standardEncrypt(data);
default:
// Basic encryption for low sensitivity
return await this.basicEncrypt(data);
}
}
getEncryptionLevel(classification) {
const levels = {
'private_keys': 'CRITICAL',
'personal_data': 'HIGH',
'transaction_data': 'HIGH',
'analytics_data': 'MEDIUM',
'public_data': 'LOW'
};
return levels[classification] || 'LOW';
}
}Zero-Knowledge Proofs
// Zero-knowledge proof for balance verification
use bulletproofs::{BulletproofGens, PedersenGens, RangeProof};
pub struct BalanceProof {
proof: RangeProof,
commitment: RistrettoPoint,
}
impl BalanceProof {
pub fn prove_balance(
balance: u64,
min_balance: u64,
) -> Result<Self, ProofError> {
let bp_gens = BulletproofGens::new(64, 1);
let pc_gens = PedersenGens::default();
// Create commitment to balance
let (commitment, opening) = pc_gens.commit(
Scalar::from(balance),
Scalar::random(&mut thread_rng())
);
// Prove balance >= min_balance without revealing actual balance
let (proof, committed_value) = RangeProof::prove_single(
&bp_gens,
&pc_gens,
&mut transcript(),
balance,
&opening,
64
)?;
Ok(BalanceProof {
proof,
commitment,
})
}
pub fn verify(&self, min_balance: u64) -> bool {
let bp_gens = BulletproofGens::new(64, 1);
let pc_gens = PedersenGens::default();
self.proof
.verify_single(
&bp_gens,
&pc_gens,
&mut transcript(),
&self.commitment,
64
)
.is_ok()
}
}Incident Response
Security Operations Center
24/7 monitoring and response:
class SecurityOperationsCenter:
def __init__(self):
self.monitoring = ContinuousMonitoring()
self.incident_manager = IncidentManager()
self.response_team = ResponseTeam()
async def monitor_threats(self):
while True:
threats = await self.monitoring.detect_threats()
for threat in threats:
severity = self.assess_severity(threat)
if severity == 'CRITICAL':
await self.immediate_response(threat)
elif severity == 'HIGH':
await self.escalate_to_team(threat)
else:
await self.log_and_monitor(threat)
await asyncio.sleep(1) # Continuous monitoring
async def immediate_response(self, threat):
# Automatic containment
await self.contain_threat(threat)
# Alert response team
await self.response_team.alert(threat, priority='CRITICAL')
# Initiate incident response plan
incident = await self.incident_manager.create_incident(threat)
# Execute automated remediation
await self.automated_remediation(incident)
return incident
async def automated_remediation(self, incident):
remediation_actions = {
'unauthorized_access': self.revoke_access,
'suspicious_transaction': self.freeze_transaction,
'ddos_attack': self.enable_ddos_protection,
'smart_contract_exploit': self.pause_contract,
'key_compromise': self.rotate_keys
}
action = remediation_actions.get(incident.type)
if action:
await action(incident)Disaster Recovery
class DisasterRecovery {
constructor() {
this.backupService = new BackupService();
this.replicationService = new ReplicationService();
this.failoverController = new FailoverController();
}
async executeRecoveryPlan(disaster) {
const recoverySteps = [
this.assessDamage,
this.activateBackupSystems,
this.restoreData,
this.validateIntegrity,
this.resumeOperations
];
const results = [];
for (const step of recoverySteps) {
try {
const result = await step.call(this, disaster);
results.push({
step: step.name,
success: true,
result
});
} catch (error) {
results.push({
step: step.name,
success: false,
error: error.message
});
// Attempt alternative recovery path
await this.alternativeRecovery(step, disaster);
}
}
return {
disaster: disaster,
recoveryTime: Date.now() - disaster.startTime,
results: results
};
}
}Compliance and Privacy
Data Privacy
GDPR and regulatory compliance:
class PrivacyCompliance {
async handleDataRequest(request, user) {
switch (request.type) {
case 'ACCESS':
return await this.provideDataAccess(user);
case 'DELETION':
return await this.deleteUserData(user);
case 'PORTABILITY':
return await this.exportUserData(user);
case 'RECTIFICATION':
return await this.updateUserData(user, request.updates);
default:
throw new Error('Unknown request type');
}
}
async deleteUserData(user) {
// Soft delete with retention for legal requirements
const retentionPeriod = this.getRetentionPeriod(user.jurisdiction);
await this.database.softDelete(user.id, {
retentionDays: retentionPeriod,
reason: 'User requested deletion',
timestamp: new Date()
});
// Immediate anonymization
await this.anonymizeData(user.id);
// Schedule permanent deletion
await this.scheduler.schedule(
'permanent_deletion',
user.id,
retentionPeriod
);
return {
status: 'deleted',
retentionPeriod: retentionPeriod,
permanentDeletionDate: new Date(
Date.now() + retentionPeriod * 86400000
)
};
}
}Conclusion
AssetSwap's security architecture represents the gold standard in DeFi security. Through our comprehensive approach combining advanced cryptography, hardware security modules, continuous monitoring, and proactive threat response, we ensure that user assets and data remain protected against all known attack vectors.
Our commitment to security extends beyond technical measures to include regular audits, bug bounty programs, and transparent security practices. As threats evolve, so does our security infrastructure, ensuring that AssetSwap remains the most secure platform for decentralized trading.
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